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ABOUT THE BOOK

This book focuses on the impacts of anthropogenic radiation on wildlife and ecosystems and provides an in-depth look at the approaches and available tools we can use to gain information about biological effects of radiation in the environment.

The nuclear accidents in Chornobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011 focused the attention of the world on the vulnerability of ecosystems to radiation. In Chornobyl, there still remains an exclusion zone where levels are considered to be too high for people and impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can still be measured 35 years later. In the area impacted by the Fukushima disaster, intense remediation is still under way at tremendous cost and causing widespread disruption to the environment. That accident impacted the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In both accidents it became obvious that a radiation protection framework focusing on protection of “humans” (a single species) and using evacuation as a key strategy, was not sufficient to protect the natural environment. The complexity of ecosystems makes developing a protection framework very challenging but in order to even start the process it is vital to gather information about likely impacts of low dose exposures on wildlife and to develop monitoring tools to measure changes over time. This book contains reviews and original research aimed at filling our knowledge gaps about these important areas.

Environmental Radiobiology will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Radiobiology, Radioecology, Biology, Ecology, Biomedicine and Research Methods. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of International Journal of Radiation Biology.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Paul Schofield and Carmel Mothersill

1. Neglecting the ecosystemic dimension of life hinders efficient environmental protection from radiation and other hazards

François Bréchignac

2. What makes radiation protection so challenging?

Lawrence A. Kapustka

3. Insight into the evolutionary profile of radio-resistance among insects having intrinsically evolved defence against radiation toxicity

Jagdish Gopal Paithankar, Tanhaji Sandu Ghodke, and Rajashekhar K. Patil 

4. The sine qua non of the fish invitrome today and tomorrow in environmental radiobiology

Nguyen T. K. Vo

5. Environmental radiobiology of amphibians – knowledge gaps to be filled using cell lines

Nguyen T. K. Vo

6. Radiation-induced transgenerational effects in animals

Yuri E. Dubrova and Elena I. Sarapultseva

7. A review of the impact on the ecosystem after ionizing irradiation: wildlife population

Georgetta Cannon and Juliann G. Kiang

8. Impact of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation on male infertility: an assessment of the mechanism and consequences

Rohit Gautam, Eepsita Priyadarshini, JayPrakash Nirala, and Paulraj Rajamani

9. Environmental and industrial developments in radiation cataractogenesis

Lukasz Laskowski, David Williams, Colin Seymour, and Carmel Mothersill

10. Bio-acoustic signaling; exploring the potential of sound as a mediator of low-dose radiation and stress responses in the environment

Bruno F. E. Matarèse, Jigar Lad, Colin Seymour, Paul N. Schofield, and Carmel Mothersill

11. Radiation induces stress and transgenerational impacts in the cricket, Acheta domesticus

Xiaobing Li and C. D. Rollo

12. Evaluation of interactive effects of phosphorus-32 and copper on marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks

Emily L. Vernon, Michael N. Moore, Tim P. Bean, and Awadhesh N. Jha 

13. Combined action of gamma radiation and exposure to copper ions on Lemna minor L

Irina S. Bodnar and Evgenia V. Cheban         

14. Copper uptake in adult rainbow trout irradiated during early life stages and in non-irradiated bystander trout which swam with the irradiated fish

Richard Smith, Sunita Nadella, Richard Moccia, Colin Seymour, and Carmel Mothersill

15. A pilot study of radiation-induced bystander effect in radio-adapting frogs at a radiologically contaminated site located on the chalk river laboratories property

Nguyen T. K. Vo, Harleen Singh, Marilyne Stuart, Colin B. Seymour, and Carmel E. Mothersill

16. Environmental radiation on large Japanese field mice in Fukushima reduced colony forming potential in hematopoietic progenitor cells without inducing genomic instability

Kentaro Ariyoshi, Tomisato Miura, Kosuke Kasai, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Yohei Fujishima, Akifumi Nakata, Atsushi Takahashi, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Hisashi Shinoda, Hideaki Yamashiro, Colin Seymour, Carmel Mothersill, and Mitsuaki A. Yoshida

17. Assessment of chromosome aberrations in large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) in Namie Town, Fukushima

Yohei Fujishima, Akifumi Nakata, Risa Ujiie, Kosuke Kasai, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Kojun Suzuki, Hirofumi Tazoe, Masatoshi Yamada, Mitsuaki A. Yoshida, and Tomisato Miura

18. Isolation of the effects of alpha-related components from total effects of radium at low doses

Chandula Fernando, Soo Hyun Byun, Xiaopei Shi, Colin B. Seymour, and Carmel E. Mothersill

19. Investigation of Radon Sources, Health Hazard and Risks assessment for children using analytical and geospatial techniques in District Bannu (Pakistan)

Huma Shakoor, Noor Jehan, Sardar Khan, and Nimat Ullah Khattak

20. From tangled banks to toxic bunnies; a reflection on the issues involved in developing an ecosystem approach for environmental radiation protection

Carmel E. Mothersill, Deborah H. Oughton, Paul N. Schofield, Michael Abend, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Nicholas A. Beresford, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Jason Cohen, Yuri Dubrova, Stanislav A. Geras’kin, Tanya Helena Hevrøy, Kathryn A. Higley, Nele Horemans, Awadhesh N. Jha, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Juliann G. Kiang, Balázs G. Madas, Gibin Powathil, Elena I. Sarapultseva, Colin B. Seymour, Nguyen T. K. Vo, and Michael D. Wood